Association Between Serum Lipid Profile and Clinical Indicators of Coronary Artery Disease Severity: A Retrospective Dataset-Based Study

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, and more precise tools for grading angiographic severity are still needed to complement conventional risk assessment. Identifying blood-based biomarkers that reflect disease burden may improve clinical risk stratification and guide earlier, more targeted intervention.

Methods: This study conducts a quantitative observational analysis of 500 patients who received angiographically confirmed CAD diagnosis during their coronary angiography procedure. The study collected demographic data together with established cardiovascular risk factors and new biomarkers through analysis of inflammatory markers from standard blood tests and metabolic and oxidative indicators. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated using standard definitions, and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity was measured as an indicator of antioxidant capacity. The SYNTAX scoring system provided measurements for both CAD severity and the complexity of its anatomical features. The researchers used statistical tests to analyze the relationship between biomarker values and SYNTAX-based disease severity after they established their significance level for all tests.

Research findings established that patients with severe CAD exhibited both elevated NLR and modified LMR values which corresponded to their SYNTAX score levels that exceeded 0.01 in significance. In contrast, PON1 activity demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with CAD severity; reduced activity was associated with higher SYNTAX scores (p = 0.03). The research findings demonstrate that inflammatory ratios and antioxidant enzyme activity tests evaluate different aspects of CAD severity which enhances identification of patients with complicated heart disease.

Conclusion: The combination of NLR and LMR with PON1 activity enabled independent prediction of CAD severity through angiographic evaluation. The use of these easily accessible biomarkers during standard evaluations will enhance risk assessment methods to identify patients who need urgent care for their complex or severe CAD condition.