Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever)

Abstract

Infectious agents that are responsible for typhoid fever are mostly Salmonella typhi and Salmonella Para-typhi, both of which belong to the family of bacteria known as Enterobacteriaceae. Following a thorough investigation, multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used in order to isolate Salmonella enterica serovar and enteritidis. In most cases, gastroenteritis is the only symptom that is associated with nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), which mostly affects neonates. In addition to being spread by contaminated water, raw food, and clusters of sick persons, salmonella is most prevalent in urban regions with a high population density, locations that are experiencing civil upheaval, and areas that have inadequate sanitation. Only between sick persons can the disease be passed on; humans are the only vectors that can spread the disease. Salmonella is most often found in chickens, dairy products, and sometimes in tortoises that are very unusual. From the moment they arrived, the patients were transferred to the Observed Treatment section of the Department of Medicine at the DMMC, SMHRC Nagpur. A important public health problem that affects people all throughout the world, particularly in less developed countries, is enteric fever. Annually, there are around 800 to 900 cases of typhoid fever that are reported in metropolitan areas, according to studies. In spite of the fact that it is inexpensive and easily available, the Widal test need to be conducted with caution. In order to educate citizens on the necessity of preventative measures, immunizations, and seeing a physician, among other things, extensive public awareness initiatives need to be carried out. Healthcare professionals have a responsibility to acknowledge the emergence of innovative antibacterial medications that are not only safe but also effective, in addition to the ongoing development of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the profession has to be prepared for the development of innovative treatment and preventative strategies .