Green Technologies and Their Role in Mitigating Climate Change: A Comparative Study Across Developing Nations

Abstract

Climate change poses major challenges around the world, with developing countries particularly vulnerable due to lack of resources and services. Green technologies—such as renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and green materials—offer promising solutions to mitigate climate change impacts but the adoption of these technologies in developing countries are still uneven, driven by political, economic, and technological factors. This study seeks to examine the role of green technologies in climate change mitigation in four developing countries—India, Brazil, South Africa, and Kenya—through comparative analysis. The problem statement focuses on the inequitable adoption of green technologies in developing countries, where financial constraints, lack of technical expertise, and inconsistent government policies prevent widespread implementation And as a result comes to be considered which shows that green technologies have contributed significantly in reducing carbon emissions in these countries. For example, India’s solar power system installed 62 GW of solar capacity, reducing emissions by 150 million metric tons per year. Brazil’s biofuel industry, which produces 35 billion liters of ethanol a year, has reduced its reliance on fossil fuels for transportation. The Kenya geothermal sector generated 863 MW of electricity, reducing the country’s dependence on fossil fuels by 45%. However, the study also highlights barriers such as inadequate funding, inadequate infrastructure and social opposition, which limit the potential of all these technologies.